What is Cloning?
1. Who is Dolly?
The first cloned lamb.
2. When a zygote divides into to separate cells, it is called:genetically identical twins.
3. Somatic cells are also called diploid.
4. In order to clone a gene, a gene is inserted into a plasmid.
5. In order to create an embryo from a somatic cell, the donor egg cell must have its nucleus removed.
Click and Clone
6. List all the materials needed to clone a mouse.
Microscope
Sharp Pipette
Blunt Pipette
Petri Dish
Chemical to simulate cell division
7. Place the following steps in the correct order.
4. Stimulate cell division
6. Deliver baby
2. Remove and discard the nucleus from the egg cell
1. Isolate donor cells from egg donor and germ cell donor
3. Transfer the somatic cell nucleus into the egg cell
5.Implant embryo into a surrogate mother
8. There are two time gaps in the process of cloning. What are they? (ie. what do you have to wait for?)
1. The DNA needs to be rebooted to program as though it were an egg cell.
2. The cell needs to divide a few times.
9. What color with the cloned mouse be? What is the name of this mouse?
Brown, Mini-Mimi
Why Clone?
10. Why is cloning extinct animals problematic?
They find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and fiercer than expected.
11. What are some reasons a person might want to clone a human?
To replace a deceased child and to help infertile couples have children
The Clone Zone
12. What animal was cloned in 1885?
Sea urchins
13. How did Spemann separate the two cells of the embryo of a salamander in 1902?
The hair of a baby and split the to cells.
14. The process of removing a nucleus is called enucleation.
15. In 1952, the nucleus of a frog embryo cell was placed into a donor cell. Did it work to clone the animal?
Some worked and some did not.
16. Can the nucleus of an adult cell be injected into an egg cell and produce a clone?
No
17. Why are mammals hard to clone?
The egg cells are smaller.
18. What were the names of the first two cloned cows?
Prather and Eyestone
19. In what year was the National Bioethics Advisory Council formed?
1997
20. The first mammal clone to be produced from an adult (somatic) cell?
Dolly the lamb
21. What do scientists do to adult cells to make them "behave" like embryos?
They give them a little electric shock
22. Transgenic, cloned sheep were used to produce what medical protein?
Factor IX
23. What is a stem cell?
They are found in organisms and they get their name from their ability to grow themselves again through mitotic cell division.
Cloning Myths
24. Briefly describe in your own words, why CC the cat was not identical in color to Rainbow, even though she was a clone?
CC looks different because Rainbow had different genes turned on and off on her X chromosome. Since CC had different genes on and off than Rainbow, the outcome of fur color was different.
25. What is "nature vs nurture"?
It is the thought that nature shapes you more than how you are raised. Different people believe different things about this such as one person could believe that you are who you are by who you were raised to be, and another person can say life experiences shape you personality and how you were raised doesn't do anything. I believe both are true, how we are raised and our life experiences shape who we become.
Is it Cloning or Not?
26. For each of the following scenarios, indicate YES (it is cloning) or NO (it is not cloning)
NO Sperm taken from a mole goat is combined with a female's egg in a petri dish. The resulting embryo is implanted into the female's uterus to develop
YES A sheep embryo, composed of 16 cells, is removed from the mother's uterus and separated into individual cells. Each cell is allowed to multiply, creating 16 separate embryos, which are then implanted in different female sheep to develop to maturity.
NO A cow with many desirable traits is stimulated with hormones to produce a number of egg cells. Each of these eggs is fertilized and implanted into a surrogate mother.
NO In vitro fertilization
YES Cell nuclei from an extinct wolly mammoth are placed into enucleated cow cells.
27. Define or describe each of the following processes (you may need to reset the Cloning or Not Screen)
In Vitro fertilization- The process by which sperm is used from outside sources to impregnate a woman that has had difficulty getting pregnant
Embryo splitting-The cells in the embryo are taken out and therefore creating clones of the original.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-The process by which scientists clone the embryo of an animal.
Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer-Nuclei and egg cells are combined to make clones or the original.
Artificial Insemination-Sperm is placed into the egg cells to fertilize the cells, but it is not cloning.
What Are the Risks of Cloning?
28. What is one reason why cloning animals has such a high failure rate?
The implanting of the embryo into the surrogate mother could possibly fail.
29. What is a telomere and how does it affect cloned animals?
Telomeres are the ends of the DNA strand in the cells, and that effects cloned animals because if the telomeres are shorter then it means that the DNA is aging quickly or the animal is or was old.
What Are Some Issues in Cloning?
30. Pick one of the questions to ponder and ....ponder it. Write a brief essay on your thoughts and opinions.
What are some of the social challenges a cloned child might face?
Some challenges that a cloned child might face is that if the child has any differences than the other kids because something went wrong during the cloning process or that the child looked exactly like the other so they could not do things that the other original could do because the original had already done the stuff such as get a drivers license or go to the same college. Also the child would not get as much attention because he is just a duplicate and no one really appreciates that he is there.
Another challenges that the clone might face is that the original might want to take advantage of the clone such as make the clone take the blame for stuff, or go to detention for the original, or just do the dirty work. That is not fair to the child because he is his own person even if he was created from another human. He has every right that the original has just they look exactly the same.
Lastly, another possibility is that the child we would get some much attention because he is a clone that he could get overwhelmed and people could get jealous of him and he could get some people that are fed up with him getting all the attention such as the original person. They could humiliate him or harass him because they just don't like him and that would make a difficult life for a clone because he was created, not born like a normal human being and he is just trying to fit in with society and people are giving him a hard time.
